Your Blood

Everything we can test.

Every value below can be measured. Want a special package? We put it together for you on request.

Heart & vessels

12 markers

Total cholesterol Heart & vessels

The sum of all cholesterol in your blood; the starting point of any heart profile.

HDL cholesterol Heart & vessels

The cholesterol that carries excess fat back to your liver; higher is generally better.

LDL cholesterol Heart & vessels

The cholesterol that can build up in your artery walls; the best-known vessel risk measure.

Triglycerides Heart & vessels

Blood fats that respond mainly to sugar, alcohol and excess weight.

ApoB Heart & vessels

Counts the particles that can enter your artery wall; often more precise than LDL alone.

ApoA1 Heart & vessels

The carrier protein of HDL; with ApoB it shows the balance between build-up and clearance.

Lp(a) Heart & vessels

An inherited cholesterol particle you only need to measure once; lifestyle barely moves it.

Omega-3 index Heart & vessels

The share of EPA and DHA in your red blood cells; shows your true fatty-acid balance.

Omega 3 to 6 ratio Heart & vessels

Serum test that measures your omega-6:3 ratio alongside omega-3. For the omega-3 index itself, the red-blood-cell measurement is more precise.

NT-proBNP Heart & vessels

A protein your heart releases under strain. Mainly useful at elevated risk or from middle age; in young healthy people often falsely elevated.

VLDL Heart & vessels

The lipoprotein that carries triglycerides through your blood.

OxLDL We would rather not test

Largely re-measures your LDL and labs are not comparable; next to ApoB and LDL it adds nothing.

Blood sugar & metabolism

6 markers

HbA1c Blood sugar & metabolism

Your average blood sugar over the past two to three months, in one number.

Glucose Blood sugar & metabolism

Your blood sugar at the moment of the draw; most useful when fasted.

Insulin Blood sugar & metabolism

The hormone that moves sugar into your cells; high fasting values point to early resistance.

C-peptide Blood sugar & metabolism

A by-product of your own insulin production; shows how hard your pancreas works.

Lactate Blood sugar & metabolism

The by-product of intense effort; at rest a measure of your energy metabolism.

Leptin We would rather not test

In practice it mostly tracks your fat mass, so it says nothing your body composition does not already say; no treatment depends on it.

Blood & iron

13 markers

Haemoglobin Blood & iron

The protein that carries oxygen through your body; with ferritin the starting point of your iron picture.

Haematocrit Blood & iron

The share of red blood cells in your blood; too thick or too thin shows up here.

Red blood cells Blood & iron

The count of your oxygen carriers; part of any basic blood count.

White blood cells Blood & iron

Your immune cells; consistently high or low is a signal to look further.

Platelets Blood & iron

The cells that clot your blood when you get a wound.

MCV Blood & iron

The average size of your red blood cells; helps explain anaemia, iron versus B12.

Reticulocytes Blood & iron

Young red blood cells; show whether production is keeping up.

Ferritin Blood & iron

Your iron store; a fairer measure than loose serum iron, and relevant for athletes and women.

Transferrin Blood & iron

The transport protein for iron; with ferritin it completes your iron status.

White cell differential Blood & iron

Splits your white blood cells into five types; shows which part of your immune system is raised or lowered.

RDW Blood & iron

The size spread of your red blood cells; helps catch early iron or B12 shortages.

Blood group + rhesus Blood & iron

Your blood group (A, B, AB or O) and rhesus factor; you only determine it once.

Iron We would rather not test

Swings strongly within a day and after meals or supplements. Ferritin measures your stores and is the fairer measure; loose serum iron says little.

Vitamins

14 markers

Vitamin D Vitamins

Contributes to normal bones, muscles and immune function; your level drops in winter because your skin makes less.

Vitamin B12 Vitamins

Needed for nerves and blood production; the standard test measures your total supply.

Active B12 Vitamins

The fraction of B12 your cells can actually use; sharper than the total measurement.

MMA Vitamins

Rises as soon as your cells run short of B12; the confirmation test when in doubt.

Folate Vitamins

Works with B12 in blood production and cell division.

Vitamin A Vitamins

Needed for vision, skin and immunity; deficiency is rare on a varied diet.

Vitamin E Vitamins

Fat-soluble antioxidant that protects your cell membranes.

Vitamin K1 Vitamins

Drives blood clotting and works with vitamin D in bone metabolism.

Vitamin B2 Vitamins

Helps convert food into energy.

Niacin (B3) Vitamins

Involved in energy metabolism and DNA repair.

Biotin (B7) Vitamins

A B vitamin involved in energy metabolism; note: biotin supplements can interfere with other blood tests.

Vitamin B6 We would rather not test

Deficiency is rare; the real-world problem is too much B6 from supplements, and you need no test for that.

Vitamin B1 We would rather not test

Real deficiency hardly occurs in healthy adults; it belongs with alcohol misuse, bariatric surgery or certain medication.

Vitamin C We would rather not test

Mainly reflects your intake of the past few days, and the sample needs immediate centrifuging and freezing, which fails at most draw locations.

Minerals

14 markers

Calcium Minerals

Building block of bone and a signal for muscles and nerves.

Sodium Minerals

Your main electrolyte for fluid balance.

Potassium Minerals

The electrolyte behind your heart rhythm and muscles.

Phosphate Minerals

With calcium, the mineral base of your bones.

Copper Minerals

Trace element for connective tissue and iron metabolism; both shortage and excess are rare.

Iodine Minerals

The building block of your thyroid hormone.

Chloride Minerals

Electrolyte that regulates fluid and acid balance together with sodium.

Bicarbonate Minerals

The buffer that keeps your blood at the right pH.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Minerals

The hormone that regulates calcium; read together with calcium and vitamin D.

Selenium We would rather not test

Deficiency is rare and the safety margin is one of the narrowest of any mineral: one brazil nut a day is already enough.

Magnesium (serum) We would rather not test

Less than 1% of your magnesium is in your blood, so this value says little about your real status.

Magnesium (RBC) We would rather not test

Better than serum, but still not a reliable measure of tissue status, and not standardised across labs.

Zinc We would rather not test

Swings with your last meal and with inflammation; a deficiency rarely reads reliably from it.

Coenzyme Q10 We would rather not test

There is no threshold below which supplementing demonstrably helps healthy people, so the result changes nothing about the advice.

Hormones

20 markers

Testosterone Hormones

The main male sex hormone; we measure it together with SHBG and albumin, because the number alone says little.

Free testosterone Hormones

The testosterone actually available; calculated from testosterone, SHBG and albumin.

SHBG Hormones

The protein that binds testosterone; decides how much stays free.

Oestradiol Hormones

The main female hormone, also relevant in men for bone and libido.

Progesterone Hormones

The second-half cycle hormone; shows whether ovulation happened.

LH Hormones

The brain signal that drives your sex hormones; points to where a shortage starts.

FSH Hormones

The second brain signal in the hormone axis; part of any cycle question.

Prolactin Hormones

When elevated, can suppress libido and cycle; easy to check.

DHEA-S Hormones

The adrenal precursor other hormones are made from.

IGF-1 Hormones

The working arm of growth hormone; useful for growth-hormone-axis questions. There is no proven optimal value to steer toward.

DHT Hormones

The most potent form of testosterone; plays a role in hair loss and prostate.

Androstenedione Hormones

Adrenal precursor of testosterone and oestrogen.

17-OH progesterone Hormones

Intermediate in the production of cortisol and sex hormones.

Pregnenolone Hormones

The mother hormone all steroid hormones are made from.

Estrone (E1) Hormones

The second form of oestrogen, more dominant after menopause.

ACTH Hormones

The brain signal that drives your adrenal glands.

IGF-BP3 Hormones

The carrier protein of IGF-1; read together they complete the growth-hormone picture.

Cortisol We would rather not test

Follows a steep daily rhythm: your morning value is normally three to four times your evening value. One draw at a random moment cannot be read honestly; the right cortisol test runs through your doctor.

AMH We would rather not test

Measures ovarian reserve, but outside a concrete fertility question routine testing is discouraged. With a family wish, this conversation belongs with your doctor.

Melatonin We would rather not test

Only meaningful as a series of evening samples in dim light; one loose daytime draw measures a hormone that should be near zero by then.

Thyroid

8 markers

TSH Thyroid

The control signal of your thyroid; the first test for sluggishness, cold or weight questions.

Free T4 Thyroid

The storage hormone of your thyroid.

Free T3 Thyroid

The active thyroid hormone; what your cells actually use.

Anti-TPO Thyroid

Antibodies against your thyroid; detect an autoimmune cause.

Anti-Tg Thyroid

The second thyroid antibody, next to anti-TPO.

Total T3 Thyroid

The total amount of T3 in your blood, bound and free.

Anti-TSH receptor Thyroid

Antibodies against the TSH receptor; seen in Graves disease.

Reverse T3 We would rather not test

No thyroid guideline uses reverse T3 and there is no validated cut-off; the result can only mislead you.

Liver

11 markers

ALAT Liver

The most liver-specific enzyme; rises when liver cells are damaged.

ASAT Liver

A liver enzyme also found in muscle; read together with ALAT.

Gamma-GT Liver

Sensitive to alcohol and liver fat.

Alkaline phosphatase Liver

An enzyme from liver and bone; helps place an elevated liver value.

Bilirubin Liver

A breakdown product of red blood cells your liver clears.

Albumin Liver

The most common blood protein; needed, among other things, to calculate free testosterone.

Total protein Liver

All blood proteins combined.

LD Liver

General cell-damage enzyme from liver, muscle and blood cells.

Amylase Liver

Digestive enzyme from your pancreas and salivary glands.

Lipase Liver

The fat-digesting enzyme of your pancreas.

Ceruloplasmin Liver

The transport protein of copper; read together with copper.

Kidneys

6 markers

Creatinine Kidneys

A waste product from your muscles; the standard kidney measure.

eGFR Kidneys

Your calculated kidney filtration rate, derived from creatinine.

Urea Kidneys

A waste product of protein breakdown; high with dehydration or high protein intake.

Uric acid Kidneys

Known from gout; also tied to sugar and alcohol intake.

Cystatin C Kidneys

A kidney measure independent of muscle mass; fairer for muscular people.

Albumin (urine) Kidneys

Small amounts of protein in your urine; the earliest signal of kidney strain.

Inflammation & recovery

9 markers

hsCRP Inflammation & recovery

Low-grade inflammation, measured precisely; only meaningful outside illness or hard training.

CRP Inflammation & recovery

The standard inflammation protein; mainly useful in acute infection.

Homocysteine Inflammation & recovery

A functional read-out of your B12, B6 and folate status. Not a heart-risk marker: lowering it with B vitamins demonstrably does not prevent cardiovascular disease.

Creatine kinase Inflammation & recovery

The muscle-damage enzyme; shows in numbers how much your muscles took.

Haptoglobin Inflammation & recovery

Scavenges free haemoglobin; drops when red blood cells break down too fast.

Tryptase Inflammation & recovery

Mast-cell messenger; used around allergic reactions.

ESR We would rather not test

Slower and more easily thrown off by age, sex and anaemia than CRP; if CRP is already measured, it adds nothing.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) We would rather not test

Not standardised across labs, and one measurement can swing tens of percents day to day; hsCRP is the inflammation marker with the evidence base.

TNF-alpha We would rather not test

Sits near the assay detection limit in healthy people and is not standardised across labs; a single result cannot be interpreted.

Gut & intolerance

8 markers

Anti-TTG Gut & intolerance

The first test when coeliac disease (gluten intolerance) is suspected.

Endomysium IgA Gut & intolerance

The confirmation test for coeliac disease, next to anti-TTG.

Total IgA Gut & intolerance

Needed alongside the coeliac tests: with IgA deficiency those read falsely normal.

Lactase genotyping Gut & intolerance

DNA test showing whether you carry the predisposition for lactose intolerance; determined once.

Histamine Gut & intolerance

The messenger behind many intolerance complaints; read together with DAO.

DAO (diamine oxidase) Gut & intolerance

The enzyme that breaks down dietary histamine; low in histamine intolerance.

H. pylori IgG Gut & intolerance

Antibodies against the stomach bacterium behind many stomach complaints.

Zonulin We would rather not test

The commercial zonulin assays have been shown not to actually measure zonulin, so the result says nothing about your gut wall.

Allergy

2 markers

Food allergy panel Allergy

Screens antibodies against the most common food allergens in one go.

Inhalant allergy panel Allergy

Screens the most common inhalant allergens: pollen, dust mite, dander.

Metals

4 markers

Lead Metals

Heavy metal that can accumulate in your body; relevant with old paint, hunting or shooting sports.

Mercury Metals

Heavy metal; relevant if large predatory fish is a diet staple.

Aluminium Metals

Light metal that becomes measurable in blood at high exposure.

Silicon Metals

Trace element, mainly measured after occupational exposure.

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